Empirical software engineering

Research & publications

My research focuses on understanding and improving software engineering practices, developer productivity, and developer experience.

Here is a selection of my scientific publications on code reviews, software testing, and the way developers work.

19 publications · Newest first

  1. Cognitive Debt in the GenAI Era - Listening to Practitioners’ Voices on the Loss of Understanding

    Theocharis Tavantzis, Bianca Trinkenreich, Michaela Greiler, Júlia Condé Araújo, Marina Condé Araújo, Italo Santos, Alexander Serebrenik, Margaret-Anne Storey, Maria Teresa Baldassarre

    2026 · Preprint · Under review at ICSE-SEIP · arXiv:2610.37888

    About this paper

    We review 76 practitioner sources to understand cognitive debt in AI-assisted development: how gaps in developers’ understanding arise, the consequences for teams, and the practices proposed to prevent, detect, and mitigate them.

  2. An Actionable Framework for Understanding and Improving Developer Experience

    Michaela Greiler, Margaret-Anne Storey, Abi Noda

    2023 · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 49(4), 1411–1425

    About this paper

    We investigate the factors that affect developer experience and the strategies individuals and teams use to improve it. The resulting framework helps organisations understand what makes a productive and effective work environment for their developers.

  3. Code Reviewing in the Trenches: Challenges and Best Practices

    Laura MacLeod, Michaela Greiler, Margaret-Anne Storey, Christian Bird, Jacek Czerwonka

    2018 · IEEE Software, 35(4), 34–42

    About this paper

    In a large-scale study, we investigate how code reviews are done at Microsoft, which benefits they provide, and which challenges developers face. We also identify best practices for reviewers, authors, and organisations, along with needs for better tools.

  4. Code Reviews Do Not Find Bugs. How the Current Code Review Best Practice Slows Us Down

    Jacek Czerwonka, Michaela Greiler, Jack Tilford

    2015 · International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

    About this paper

    Code reviews support knowledge sharing and code quality, but require a substantial time commitment. We examine review practices and how teams can get more value from the time they spend reviewing.

  5. The Art of Testing Less without Sacrificing Quality

    Kim Herzig, Michaela Greiler, Jacek Czerwonka, Brendan Murphy

    2015 · International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

    About this paper

    How can we reduce test suite size and execution time without sacrificing code quality? We describe an approach to safely removing test cases and reducing the cost of testing at Microsoft.

  6. Characteristics of Useful Code Reviews: An Empirical Study at Microsoft

    Amiangshu Bosu, Michaela Greiler, Christian Bird

    2015 · Mining Software Repositories (MSR)

    About this paper

    Through a large-scale study, we investigate which code review comments are useful and which create additional work for the author. The findings help reviewers improve the value of their feedback.

  7. Lessons Learned from Building and Deploying a Code Review Analytics Platform

    Christian Bird, Trevor Carnahan, Michaela Greiler

    2015 · Mining Software Repositories (MSR)

    About this paper

    We describe what we learned from building and deploying a code review analytics platform at Microsoft, including the challenges of creating a platform that developers adopt in their daily work.

  8. Runtime Integration and Testing for Highly Dynamic Service Oriented ICT Solutions — An Industry Challenges Report

    Michaela Greiler, Hans-Gerhard Gross

    2009 · Testing: Academic & Industrial Conference — Practice and Research Techniques (TAIC PART)